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Prevalência da má oclusão esquelética de classe I numa população ortodônitca: estudo transversal
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Introdução: As más oclusões esqueléticas representam alterações comuns na população ortodôntica e resultam de padrões variados de crescimento e desenvolvimento craniofacial. Embora frequentemente associadas a desequilíbrios nas relações ósseas entre maxila e mandíbula, mesmo indivíduos com uma relação esquelética aparentemente equilibrada, como na Classe I, podem apresentar discrepâncias dentárias significativas. Essas discrepâncias impactam tanto a função quanto a estética, sendo fundamentais no planeamento ortodôntico individualizado.
Objetivos: Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência e a distribuição das más oclusões esqueléticas de Classe I numa amostra de pacientes ortodônticos atendidos no Hospital-Escola da Universidade Fernando Pessoa, em Gondomar. Bem como, compreender a variabilidade clínica observada nesses indivíduos e a sua relação com outras variáveis diagnósticas.
Material e Métodos: Foram analisadas retrospectivamente 143 telerradiografias laterais de crânio de pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 9 anos. As imagens foram submetidas à análise cefalométrica de Ricketts, utilizando a plataforma digital WebCeph para diagnosticar a Classe Esqueletica e observar o comportamento das bases ósseas, em termos de posição. Foram avaliadas através ortopantomografias, fotografias intraorais e modelos de estudo digitais e convencionais as variáveis oclusais nos planos sagital (relação molar, relação canina e overjet), vertical (overbite) e transversal (tipo de mordida), além da presença de anomalias dentárias.
Resultados: A Classe I Esquelética representou o 37,8% da amostra. A mais prevalente foi a Classe II Esquelética com o 49,6%, e por fim a Classe III representativa do 12,6%. Observou-se uma elevada variabilidade oclusal nos indivíduos classificados com Classe I esquelética, evidenciando que a presença de uma relação esquelética equilibrada não implica, necessariamente, uma oclusão dentária ideal. A maioria dos pacientes com Classe Esquelética I apresentou maxila e mandíbula com posicionamentos compatíveis com os padrões de normalidade.
Conclusões: A Classe I Esquelética foi a segunda mais prevalente na amostra, mostrando grande heterogeneidade a nível oclusal, confirmando a ausência de correspondência direta entre oclusão e padrão ósseo. A maioria dos indivíduos com Classe I esquelética apresentou bases ósseas maxilares e mandibulares dentro da normalidade, embora a posição ântero-posterior da mandíbula possa ter relevância na definição do padrão esquelético.
Introduction: Skeletal malocclusions are common alterations in the orthodontic population and result from varied patterns of craniofacial growth and development. Although they are frequently associated with imbalances in the bony relationship between the maxilla and mandible, even individuals with an apparently balanced skeletal relationship, such as in Class I, may present significant dental discrepancies. These discrepancies impact both function and aesthetics, making them fundamental in individualised orthodontic planning. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of Class I skeletal malocclusions in a sample of orthodontic patients treated at the Teaching Hospital of Fernando Pessoa University in Gondomar. It also sought to understand the clinical variability observed in these individuals and its relationship with other diagnostic variables. Material and Methods: A total of 143 lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients aged 9 years or older were retrospectively analysed. The images underwent Ricketts cephalometric analysis using the WebCeph digital platform to diagnose the skeletal class and observe the behaviour of the bony bases in terms of position. Occlusal variables were assessed in the sagittal (molar relationship, canine relationship, and overjet), vertical (overbite), and transverse (type of bite) planes, as well as the presence of dental anomalies, through panoramic radiographs, intraoral photographs, and digital and conventional study models. Results: Skeletal Class I accounted for 37.8% of the sample. The most prevalent was Skeletal Class II, with 49.6%, followed by Class III, representing 12.6%. A high occlusal variability was observed in individuals classified as skeletal Class I, demonstrating that the presence of a balanced skeletal relationship does not necessarily imply an ideal dental occlusion. Most patients with skeletal Class I presented maxilla and mandible positioning compatible with normal patterns. Conclusions: Skeletal Class I was the second most prevalent in the sample, showing great heterogeneity at the occlusal level, confirming the absence of a direct correspondence between occlusion and skeletal pattern. Most individuals with skeletal Class I had maxillary and mandibular bases within normal limits, although the anteroposterior position of the mandible may be relevant in defining the skeletal pattern.
Introduction: Skeletal malocclusions are common alterations in the orthodontic population and result from varied patterns of craniofacial growth and development. Although they are frequently associated with imbalances in the bony relationship between the maxilla and mandible, even individuals with an apparently balanced skeletal relationship, such as in Class I, may present significant dental discrepancies. These discrepancies impact both function and aesthetics, making them fundamental in individualised orthodontic planning. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of Class I skeletal malocclusions in a sample of orthodontic patients treated at the Teaching Hospital of Fernando Pessoa University in Gondomar. It also sought to understand the clinical variability observed in these individuals and its relationship with other diagnostic variables. Material and Methods: A total of 143 lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients aged 9 years or older were retrospectively analysed. The images underwent Ricketts cephalometric analysis using the WebCeph digital platform to diagnose the skeletal class and observe the behaviour of the bony bases in terms of position. Occlusal variables were assessed in the sagittal (molar relationship, canine relationship, and overjet), vertical (overbite), and transverse (type of bite) planes, as well as the presence of dental anomalies, through panoramic radiographs, intraoral photographs, and digital and conventional study models. Results: Skeletal Class I accounted for 37.8% of the sample. The most prevalent was Skeletal Class II, with 49.6%, followed by Class III, representing 12.6%. A high occlusal variability was observed in individuals classified as skeletal Class I, demonstrating that the presence of a balanced skeletal relationship does not necessarily imply an ideal dental occlusion. Most patients with skeletal Class I presented maxilla and mandible positioning compatible with normal patterns. Conclusions: Skeletal Class I was the second most prevalent in the sample, showing great heterogeneity at the occlusal level, confirming the absence of a direct correspondence between occlusion and skeletal pattern. Most individuals with skeletal Class I had maxillary and mandibular bases within normal limits, although the anteroposterior position of the mandible may be relevant in defining the skeletal pattern.
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Ortodontia Oclusão dentária Má oclusão esquelética Classe I Cefalometria Orthodontics Dental occlusion Skeletal class I malocclusion Cephalometry