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| Projeto de pós-graduação_2023113773 | 857.69 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Fundamentação: A Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS) é uma desordem respiratória crónica e multifatorial, associada a hipoxemia intermitente, fragmentação do sono e consequências clínicas e sociais significativas. A obesidade é reconhecida como seu principal fator de risco modificável, enquanto a nutrição e a medicina dentária vêm sendo progressivamente incorporadas às estratégias de rastreio e tratamento.
Objetivos: Esta revisão integrativa da literatura teve como objetivo analisar as interfaces entre AOS, obesidade, nutrição e atuação da medicina dentária, identificando padrões, lacunas e propostas interdisciplinares.
Desenvolvimento: A pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases PubMed, Web of Science e LILACS, entre janeiro e abril de 2025, utilizando descritores combinados com operadores booleanos. Foram incluídos 28 estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2025, analisados qualitativamente e organizados em quatro eixos temáticos: (1) fisiopatologia da AOS em contexto de obesidade, (2) intervenções nutricionais, (3) atuação da medicina dentária e (4) modelos de abordagem interdisciplinar. Os resultados indicam que a adiposidade visceral influencia diretamente a colapsabilidade da via aérea superior e agrava marcadores inflamatórios. Estratégias alimentares como a dieta mediterrânica, bem como intervenções hipoenergéticas, mostraram-se eficazes na redução da gravidade da AOS e no controle de comorbidades. A medicina dentária destaca-se tanto no rastreio clínico como na terapêutica com dispositivos intraorais, especialmente os de avanço mandibular. A integração entre especialidades favorece diagnósticos precoces, maior adesão terapêutica e melhores desfechos clínicos.
Conclusões: Conclui-se que o manejo da AOS deve ser centrado no paciente e pautado por uma abordagem multidimensional, envolvendo profissionais de diferentes áreas. A escassez de ensaios clínicos e a heterogeneidade metodológica apontam para a necessidade de futuras investigações com maior rigor científico e padronização interdisciplinar.
Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a chronic and multifactorial respiratory disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, and significant clinical and social consequences. Obesity is the main modifiable risk factor for OSA, while nutrition and dentistry have increasingly been integrated into screening and treatment strategies. Objectives: This integrative literature review aimed to examine the relation between OSA, obesity, nutrition, and the role of dental professionals, alongside identifying clinical patterns, gaps in the literature, and interdisciplinary contributions. Development: The search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and LILACS databases between January and April 2025, using controlled descriptors combined with Boolean operators. Twenty-eight studies published between 2020 and 2025 were included, analyzed qualitatively, and categorized into four thematic axes: (1) OSA pathophysiology in the context of obesity, (2) nutritional interventions, (3) the role of dentistry, and (4) interdisciplinary care models. Findings show that visceral adiposity directly increases upper airway collapsibility and worsens inflammatory markers. Dietary strategies such as the Mediterranean Diet, as well as hypoenergetic interventions, proved effective in reducing OSA severity and controlling metabolic comorbidities. Dentistry emerged as a key field in both clinical screening and therapeutic intervention, particularly through the use of mandibular advancement devices. Interdisciplinary collaboration among health professionals enhanced diagnostic accuracy, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes. Conclusions: It can be concluded that OSA management should be patient-centered and multidimensional, involving active participation from different healthcare specialties. The lack of randomized clinical trials and the methodological heterogeneity observed highlight the need for future studies with greater scientific rigor and standardization of interdisciplinary protocols.
Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a chronic and multifactorial respiratory disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, and significant clinical and social consequences. Obesity is the main modifiable risk factor for OSA, while nutrition and dentistry have increasingly been integrated into screening and treatment strategies. Objectives: This integrative literature review aimed to examine the relation between OSA, obesity, nutrition, and the role of dental professionals, alongside identifying clinical patterns, gaps in the literature, and interdisciplinary contributions. Development: The search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and LILACS databases between January and April 2025, using controlled descriptors combined with Boolean operators. Twenty-eight studies published between 2020 and 2025 were included, analyzed qualitatively, and categorized into four thematic axes: (1) OSA pathophysiology in the context of obesity, (2) nutritional interventions, (3) the role of dentistry, and (4) interdisciplinary care models. Findings show that visceral adiposity directly increases upper airway collapsibility and worsens inflammatory markers. Dietary strategies such as the Mediterranean Diet, as well as hypoenergetic interventions, proved effective in reducing OSA severity and controlling metabolic comorbidities. Dentistry emerged as a key field in both clinical screening and therapeutic intervention, particularly through the use of mandibular advancement devices. Interdisciplinary collaboration among health professionals enhanced diagnostic accuracy, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes. Conclusions: It can be concluded that OSA management should be patient-centered and multidimensional, involving active participation from different healthcare specialties. The lack of randomized clinical trials and the methodological heterogeneity observed highlight the need for future studies with greater scientific rigor and standardization of interdisciplinary protocols.
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Apneia obstrutiva do sono Obesidade Nutrição Medicina dentária Abordagem interdisciplinar Obstructive sleep apnea Obesity Nutrition Dentistry Interdisciplinary approach