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Impressão 3D: aplicações médicas e farmacêuticas
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 1.16 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos, a tecnologia de produção aditiva tem atraído a atenção da comunidade científica em diversas áreas. Esta tecnologia, representada através de diversas técnicas de impressão 3D, permitiu uma mudança no paradigma da projeção e do fabrico de produtos personalizados de acordo com as necessidades individuais.
A tecnologia de impressão 3D está associada a um sistema informático, conhecido por CAD/CAM (do inglês, Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing), que permite desenhar um objeto, de qualquer forma e tamanho, em computador, e, consequentemente, guardá-lo num ficheiro .STL (do inglês, Standard Tessellation Language), capaz de ler as coordenadas do objeto em qualquer impressora específica para imprimir em 3D.
Charles Hull foi o inventor da técnica de estereolitografia, produzindo o primeiro aparelho utilizado para a construção de objetos 3D.
Posteriormente à introdução da técnica de estereolitografia, surgiram outras técnicas de impressão 3D, nomeadamente: o jato de tinta, a extrusão e a fusão da camada de pó, sendo estas as mais utilizadas nas áreas da medicina e farmacêutica. Na presente revisão bibliográfica são descritas as diversas técnicas de impressão 3D, explorando o estado da arte relativo à sua aplicação na área da saúde.
Em 2015, a FDA (do inglês, Food and Drug Administration) aprovou a comercialização do Spritam®, indicado para o tratamento da Epilepsia em crianças e idosos. Este produto foi o primeiro medicamento produzido pela impressão 3D a ser comercializado.
Adicionalmente, este trabalho apresenta algumas considerações futuras, uma vez que a tecnologia de impressão 3D serviu de base para a criação de uma nova técnica, a impressão 4D, a qual utiliza materiais inteligentes no fabrico de objetos tridimensionais, que podem alterar a sua forma e tamanho mediante resposta a estímulos externos.
In recent years, the additive production technology has been attracting the attention of the scientific community in various areas. This technology, represented through various 3D printing techniques, allowed a change in the paradigm of projection and manufacture of customized products according to individual needs. 3D printing technology is associated with a computer system known as CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing), which allows to draw an object of any shape and size, on a computer, and therefore save it in a Standard Tessellation Language (.STL) file, which can read the coordinates of the object on any specific printer to print in three dimensions. Charles Hull was the inventor of the technique of stereolithography, producing the first device used for construction of objects in three dimensions. After to introduction of the stereolithography technique, other 3D printing techniques emerged, namely inkjet, extrusion and powder bed fusion, which are the most used techniques in medicine and pharmaceutic. This bibliographic review of the different techniques of 3D printing aims to describe them, exploring the state of the art related to its application in the health area. In 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the Spritam®, indicated for the treatment of Epilepsy in children and the elderly. This product was the first medicine produced by 3D printing to be commercialized. In addition, this dissertation presents some future considerations, since 3D printing technology was the basis for a new technique, 4D printing, which incorporates intelligent materials into three-dimensional objects that can change their shape and size according to external stimuli.
In recent years, the additive production technology has been attracting the attention of the scientific community in various areas. This technology, represented through various 3D printing techniques, allowed a change in the paradigm of projection and manufacture of customized products according to individual needs. 3D printing technology is associated with a computer system known as CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing), which allows to draw an object of any shape and size, on a computer, and therefore save it in a Standard Tessellation Language (.STL) file, which can read the coordinates of the object on any specific printer to print in three dimensions. Charles Hull was the inventor of the technique of stereolithography, producing the first device used for construction of objects in three dimensions. After to introduction of the stereolithography technique, other 3D printing techniques emerged, namely inkjet, extrusion and powder bed fusion, which are the most used techniques in medicine and pharmaceutic. This bibliographic review of the different techniques of 3D printing aims to describe them, exploring the state of the art related to its application in the health area. In 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the Spritam®, indicated for the treatment of Epilepsy in children and the elderly. This product was the first medicine produced by 3D printing to be commercialized. In addition, this dissertation presents some future considerations, since 3D printing technology was the basis for a new technique, 4D printing, which incorporates intelligent materials into three-dimensional objects that can change their shape and size according to external stimuli.
Description
Keywords
Impressão 3D Produção aditiva Software CAD/CAM Spritam® Impressão 4D Bioimpressão Filmes orodispersíveis 3D printing Additive manufacturing Software CAD/CAM Spritam® 4D printing Bioprinting Orodispersible films