How Gardens and Public Parks are Responding to Cities Social and Environmental Challenges? a Case Study of Porto, Portugal

Abstract

Cities must be pleasant and healthy spaces able to contribute to ecosystems regeneration and bring closer Humans and Nature. According to the 11 SDG of 2030 Agenda, by 2030 should be provided universal access to safe and inclusive public green spaces. Scientific evidences emphasize the multiple benefits of ecosystems services: regulation, provision, cultural and support.The main goal of this research aims to evaluate how the ecosystems services of gardens and public parks (GPP), in the city Porto, are responding to contemporary social and ecological challenges and, consequently, which differences are found within city socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability clusters.