Loading...
Publication
Proposta de utilização de mediação digital para a participação pública direta em períodos eleitorais
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13.56 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A massificação do acesso à Internet, juntamente com a evolução tecnológica a que temos assistido nos últimos anos e com as recentes mudanças económicas e sociais, que apelam à participação democrática, tem conduzido a um interesse crescente em soluções de mediação digital para a participação pública direta.
São cada vez mais os exemplos de políticos a utilizar a Internet para transmitir as suas mensagens eleitorais. Todavia, considera-se que as campanhas eleitorais tradicionais se baseiam, essencialmente, na comunicação unidirecional entre os candidatos e a comunidade, e não suportam um eficiente processo de comunicação escalável, que contemple os objetivos e necessidades de todas as partes interessadas.
Em consequência dessa constatação, surgiu uma pergunta de investigação preliminar: como estimular os cidadãos a envolverem-se e a participar ativamente nos debates eleitorais, através de mediação digital? Acredita-se que pode ser útil e desejável ter uma solução tecnológica que agregue num único local, neutro e regulado, os principais intervenientes num processo eleitoral e que possibilite uma comunicação multidirecional entre eles.
Assim, neste trabalho de investigação e desenvolvimento, apresenta-se uma proposta de utilização de mediação digital para a participação pública direta em períodos eleitorais. A proposta assenta num modelo conceptual e numa aplicação Web, designada iLeger. Sucintamente, a aplicação suporta interações de colaboração através de perguntas, respostas, sugestões, votações e comentários, e foi especificamente desenhada para juntar, num único espaço neutro, regulado e deliberativo, os principais intervenientes numa eleição, promovendo a partilha e a comunicação multidirecional (síncrona e assíncrona) entre eles.
Pretende-se, com esta proposta, contribuir para reduzir o fosso existente na comunicação entre a comunidade e os candidatos, tornar as campanhas mais abertas e estimular os cidadãos a envolverem-se e a participarem ativamente nos debates eleitorais.
Neste texto, apresentam-se ainda os resultados obtidos a partir das experiências de utilização da plataforma iLeger nas campanhas eleitorais das Eleições Legislativas e Autárquicas de Portugal em 2009, da Eleição do Bastonário da Ordem dos Médicos de Portugal em 2010, e das Eleições Presidenciais e Legislativas de Portugal em 2011.
Entre os principais resultados, destaque-se o papel que os Media podem ter na condução de iniciativas de participação pública em períodos eleitorais, a importância da divulgação das iniciativas e dos eventos de participação, e a influência dos eventos de curta duração e em direto nas visitas e na participação ativa dos intervenientes.
Em suma, acredita-se fortemente que as ferramentas de participação baseadas na Internet, tais como as redes sociais e como a aplicação aqui apresentada, serão cada vez mais importantes em campanhas eleitorais, e que, se forem convenientemente usadas, têm potencial para contribuir significativamente para reverter o atual afastamento dos cidadãos dos debates eleitorais. Todavia, o foco tem que estar essencialmente na participação e nas pessoas (cidadãos e candidatos) e não tanto na tecnologia.
The widespread access to the Internet, together with the technological evolution witnessed in the last years and the recent social and economic developments, which more than ever call to democratic participation, has lead to an increased interest in solutions based on digital mediation for direct public participation. An increasingly number of politicians are using the Internet to transmit their electoral messages. However, it is considered that traditional electoral campaigns are essentially based on unidirectional communication between candidates and the community, and do not support an efficient and scalable communication process, which takes into account the objectives and needs of all stakeholders. Consequently, a preliminary research question emerged: how to engage citizens and actively participate in electoral debates through digital mediation? It is believed that it would be useful to develop an application that unites, in a single, neutral and regulated place, the stakeholders in the electoral process, so as to allow structured and multidirectional communication between them. Therefore, this work of research and development seeks to present a proposal for the use of digital mediation for direct public participation during electoral periods. The proposal is based on a conceptual model and on a web application, iLeger. In summary, this application supports collaborative interactions based on questions, answers, suggestions, ratings and comments, and was specifically designed to gather, in a single neutral deliberative and regulated space, the main actors in an election, fostering multidirectional communication (synchronous and asynchronous) and sharing between them. This work aims to contribute to narrow the existing communication gap between candidates and the community, make electoral campaigns more open and encourage citizens to become involved and actively participate in electoral debates. This work also includes the results obtained from the use of the iLeger platform in the electoral campaign for the Portuguese parliamentary and local elections held in 2009, the 2010 election of the Head of the Portuguese Medical Association and the presidential and parliamentary elections held in 2011 in Portugal. Among the main results, it should be highlighted the role of the Media as a driving force for initiatives of public participation during electoral periods, the importance of advertisement and awareness to events involving public participation, and the influence of events of short duration and live coverage in the number of participants and in the active participation of the stakeholders. In summary, it is strongly believed that participation tools based on the Internet, such as social networks and the application presented here, will be increasingly important during electoral campaigns, and that, if properly used, have the potential to contribute significantly to reverse the current widening citizen distancing from electoral debates. Nevertheless, the main focus must be on participation and the people (citizens and candidates) and not so much on the technology.
The widespread access to the Internet, together with the technological evolution witnessed in the last years and the recent social and economic developments, which more than ever call to democratic participation, has lead to an increased interest in solutions based on digital mediation for direct public participation. An increasingly number of politicians are using the Internet to transmit their electoral messages. However, it is considered that traditional electoral campaigns are essentially based on unidirectional communication between candidates and the community, and do not support an efficient and scalable communication process, which takes into account the objectives and needs of all stakeholders. Consequently, a preliminary research question emerged: how to engage citizens and actively participate in electoral debates through digital mediation? It is believed that it would be useful to develop an application that unites, in a single, neutral and regulated place, the stakeholders in the electoral process, so as to allow structured and multidirectional communication between them. Therefore, this work of research and development seeks to present a proposal for the use of digital mediation for direct public participation during electoral periods. The proposal is based on a conceptual model and on a web application, iLeger. In summary, this application supports collaborative interactions based on questions, answers, suggestions, ratings and comments, and was specifically designed to gather, in a single neutral deliberative and regulated space, the main actors in an election, fostering multidirectional communication (synchronous and asynchronous) and sharing between them. This work aims to contribute to narrow the existing communication gap between candidates and the community, make electoral campaigns more open and encourage citizens to become involved and actively participate in electoral debates. This work also includes the results obtained from the use of the iLeger platform in the electoral campaign for the Portuguese parliamentary and local elections held in 2009, the 2010 election of the Head of the Portuguese Medical Association and the presidential and parliamentary elections held in 2011 in Portugal. Among the main results, it should be highlighted the role of the Media as a driving force for initiatives of public participation during electoral periods, the importance of advertisement and awareness to events involving public participation, and the influence of events of short duration and live coverage in the number of participants and in the active participation of the stakeholders. In summary, it is strongly believed that participation tools based on the Internet, such as social networks and the application presented here, will be increasingly important during electoral campaigns, and that, if properly used, have the potential to contribute significantly to reverse the current widening citizen distancing from electoral debates. Nevertheless, the main focus must be on participation and the people (citizens and candidates) and not so much on the technology.
Description
Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências da Informação, especialização em Sistemas e Tecnologias da Informação
Keywords
Participação pública e-participação Mediação digital Campanhas eleitorais iLeger Public participation e-participation Digital mediation elEctoral campaigns iLeger